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Zusammenfassung Bei der sogenannten Verständigung in Strafverfahren handelt es sich um ein seit langer Zeit stark umstrittenes Rechtsinstitut. Im Jahr 2013 hat das Bundesverfassungsgericht den dazu ergangenen Regelungen in der StPO zwar eine Verfassungsmäßigkeit attestiert, aber zugleich dem Gesetzgeber aufgegeben, die Schutzmechanismen, die der Einhaltung der grundgesetzlichen Anforderungen dienen, fortwährend auf ihre Wirksamkeit hin zu überprüfen. Dieser Band, vorgelegt von einem Forschungsverbund der Universitäten Düsseldorf, Frankfurt am Main und Tübingen, analysiert auf der Grundlage einer Auswertung der Rechtsprechung und Akten einschlägiger Verfahren sowie von Befragungen justitieller Akteure, wie das geltende Recht durch die Praxis umgesetzt wird. Abstract The so-called “Verständigung im Strafverfahren“ – plea bargaining in criminal cases – is and has been a highly controversial issue. In 2013, the German Federal Constitutional Court ruled the respective provisions of the German criminal code constitutional. Still, it assigned legislators the task to constantly examine the effectiveness of the inherent protective measures to ensure its constitutionality. This volume presents the findings from a nationwide research project undertaken by researchers from the Universities of Düsseldorf, Frankfurt am Main and Tübingen. Based on the analysis of relevant court rulings, court records and both surveys and interviews with pertinent court personnel, it analyzes how the law is applied in practice.

Criminal procedure.

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Lockerungen und offener Vollzug stellen elementare Bestandteile eines resozialisierungsorientierten Strafvollzuges dar. Diese Feststellung ist auch nach der Föderalismusreform, mit der die Gesetzgebungskompetenz für den Strafvollzug vom Bund auf die Länder überging, unverändert. Gleichwohl bietet die Reform Anlass, die 16 neuen Landesgesetze zueinander in Beziehung zu setzen und die gesetzlichen Regelungen zu Vollzugslockerungen und offenem Vollzug von der Aufnahme in die Justizvollzugsanstalt bis zur Entlassung unter Berücksichtigung der normativen Verwaltungspraxis näher zu untersuchen. Dabei wird der Frage nachgegangen, ob die Länder den Standard, den das bundesdeutsche Strafvollzugsgesetz von 1976 aufstellte, gehalten, restaurative Tendenzen legitimiert oder Innovationen etabliert haben. Die vorliegende Arbeit leistet zugleich einen Beitrag zu einem verfassungsrechtlich determinierten Verständnis von Lockerungen und offenem Vollzug.

Criminal procedure

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Zusammenfassung Bei der sogenannten Verständigung in Strafverfahren handelt es sich um ein seit langer Zeit stark umstrittenes Rechtsinstitut. Im Jahr 2013 hat das Bundesverfassungsgericht den dazu ergangenen Regelungen in der StPO zwar eine Verfassungsmäßigkeit attestiert, aber zugleich dem Gesetzgeber aufgegeben, die Schutzmechanismen, die der Einhaltung der grundgesetzlichen Anforderungen dienen, fortwährend auf ihre Wirksamkeit hin zu überprüfen. Dieser Band, vorgelegt von einem Forschungsverbund der Universitäten Düsseldorf, Frankfurt am Main und Tübingen, analysiert auf der Grundlage einer Auswertung der Rechtsprechung und Akten einschlägiger Verfahren sowie von Befragungen justitieller Akteure, wie das geltende Recht durch die Praxis umgesetzt wird. Abstract The so-called “Verständigung im Strafverfahren“ – plea bargaining in criminal cases – is and has been a highly controversial issue. In 2013, the German Federal Constitutional Court ruled the respective provisions of the German criminal code constitutional. Still, it assigned legislators the task to constantly examine the effectiveness of the inherent protective measures to ensure its constitutionality. This volume presents the findings from a nationwide research project undertaken by researchers from the Universities of Düsseldorf, Frankfurt am Main and Tübingen. Based on the analysis of relevant court rulings, court records and both surveys and interviews with pertinent court personnel, it analyzes how the law is applied in practice.

Criminal procedure.

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Criminal procedure

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The decision on conditional release from prison (Art. 86 - 89 SCC) is one of the most important decisions in the Swiss criminal justice system. At stake are both the freedom of the convicted person, who is to be given a chance of reintegration by the conditional release, and the security of the general public, which must be protected against the commission of further criminal offences. Despite its significance for convicted persons and the society as a whole, the practice of conditional release is scarcely discussed in Swiss literature: What is the procedure for conditional release? How do the opinions of the parties involved in the procedure influence its outcome? How do the persons responsible for conditional release exercise the discretion left to them by the law? The clarification of these issues seems all the more important given that in recent decades the number of conditional release decisions has decreased and there are considerable cantonal differences. The focus of the dissertation is on the process of decision-making by the responsible authorities in Switzerland, in particular the implementation of the right to be heard, as well as the criteria which influence the decision on the conditional release of offenders. The research is based on a representative sample of 943 criminal files from the cantons of Berne, Fribourg, Lucerne and Vaud, which are evaluated using statistical methods (logistic regression). The results of the investigation show that the responsible authorities select only a few aspects from a large number of case characteristics that largely determine their decision-making process. The decision is strongly influenced by the residency status of the convicted person, his criminal record and the opinion of the prison authorities. The legal prognosis is therefore primarily based on static factors from the past, whereas dynamic factors which the convicted person or the involved actors could influence are more secondary. In addition, it emerges that the temporal and cantonal differences in the release rates do not relate to a differing prison population, as it most often assumed, but to a different way of implementing the law and appreciating the profile of prisoners - following a more restrictive or liberal understanding and practice of the release decision - depending on time and canton. The study shows as well that there is no uniform practice for the procedure: the use of risk assessment tools, the opinions of the prison management or the organisation of the right to be heard are extremely disparate and therefore the right of the sentenced person to an equal and fair trial is not guaranteed to the same extent everywhere. The work concludes with a legal classification of the findings as well as with criminal policy considerations and proposals for a more precise reformulation of Art. 86 SCC. These should contribute to a more harmonious and broader application across cantonal borders and therefore strengthen conditional release as an efficient instrument of crime prevention.

Criminal procedure